Safety and immunogenicity of a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine using three immunization schedules and two modes of delivery: A randomized clinical non-inferiority trial.

Publication Type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2017
Authors
Jackson, Lisa A; Frey, Sharon E; El Sahly, Hana M; Mulligan, Mark J; Winokur, Patricia L; Kotloff, Karen L; Campbell, James D; Atmar, Robert L; Graham, Irene; Anderson, Evan J; Anderson, Edwin L; Patel, Shital M; Fields, Colin; Keitel, Wendy; Rouphael, Nadine; Hill, Heather; Goll, Johannes B
Secondary
Vaccine
Volume
35
Pagination
1675-1682
Date Published
2017 03 23
Keywords
Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Drug Carriers; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Equivalence Trials as Topic; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Neutralization Tests; Smallpox Vaccine; Vaccinia virus; Viral Plaque Assay; Young Adult
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: To guide the use of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine in response to a release of smallpox virus, the immunogenicity and safety of shorter vaccination intervals, and administration by jet injector (JI), were compared to the standard schedule of administration on Days 1 and 29 by syringe and needle (S&N).

METHODS: Healthy adults 18-40years of age were randomly assigned to receive MVA vaccine subcutaneously by S&N on Days 1 and 29 (standard), Days 1 and 15, or Days 1 and 22, or to receive the vaccine subcutaneously by JI on Days 1 and 29. Blood was collected at four time points after the second vaccination for plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) (primary endpoint) and ELISA (secondary endpoint) antibody assays. For each subject, the peak PRNT (or ELISA) titer was defined by the highest PRNT (or ELISA) titer among all available measurements post second vaccination. Non-inferiority of a non-standard arm compared to the standard arm was met if the upper limit of the 98.33% confidence interval of the difference in the mean log peak titers between the standard and non-standard arm was less than 1.

RESULTS: Non-inferiority of the PRNT antibody response was not established for any of the three non-standard study arms. Non-inferiority of the ELISA antibody response was established for the Day 1 and 22 compressed schedule and for administration by JI. Solicited local reactions, such as redness and swelling, tended to be more commonly reported with JI administration. Four post-vaccination hypersensitivity reactions were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Evaluations of the primary endpoint of PRNT antibody responses do not support alternative strategies of administering MVA vaccine by S&N on compressed schedules or administration by JI on the standard schedule.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01827371.