Incidence of PTLD in pediatric renal transplant recipients receiving basiliximab, calcineurin inhibitor, sirolimus and steroids.

Publication Type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2008
Authors
McDonald, R A; Smith, J M; Ho, M; Lindblad, R; Ikle, D; Grimm, P; Wyatt, R; Arar, M; Liereman, D; Bridges, N; Harmon, W; CCTPT Study Group
Secondary
Am J Transplant
Volume
8
Pagination
984-9
Date Published
2008 May
Keywords
Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Basiliximab; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; kidney transplantation; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Postoperative Complications; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; sirolimus; Tacrolimus
Abstract

Pediatric renal transplant recipients were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of steroid withdrawal. Subjects received basiliximab, calcineurin inhibitor, sirolimus and steroids. Of 274 subjects enrolled, 19 (6.9%) subjects developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The relative hazard (RH) for PTLD was 5.3-fold higher in children aged < or =5 versus those >12 years (p = 0.0017). EBV seronegative subjects had a 4.7-fold higher RH compared to EBV positive subjects (p = 0.02). Among EBV donor+/recipient- (D+/R-) subjects, the RH increased by 6.1-fold (p = 0.0001). In a multivariate model, risk factors included recipient age < or =5 years (RH 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.6, p = 0.034) and EBV D+/R- status (RH 7.7, 95% CI: 1.6-35.9, p = 0.010). Of 19 patients with PTLD, 17 are alive with functioning grafts and 2 lost their grafts, 1 of whom subsequently died of recurrent PTLD. This 'robust' immunosuppression protocol was associated with low rejection rates but an unacceptably high incidence of PTLD. The combination of basiliximab, calcineurin inhibitor, sirolimus and steroids resulted in over-immunosuppression in a high-risk pediatric population and we do not recommend its use. Future studies must include routine viral monitoring to permit early identification of viral activity and a protocol driven reduction of immunosuppression aimed at avoiding complications.