Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults
Publication Type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2008
Authors
Bernstein, DI; Edwards, KM; Dekker, CL; Belshe, R; Talbot, HK; Graham, IL; Noah, DL; He, F; Hill, H
Secondary
J Infec Dis
Volume
197
Start Page
667
Pagination
667-675
Date Published
03/2008
Keywords
Adjuvants Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antibodies Viralunologic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Immunization Schedule; Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype; Influenza Human; Influenza Vaccines; Male; Polysorbates; Squalene
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Influenza A H5N1 viruses pose a significant threat to human health. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in 394 healthy adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 2 intramuscular doses of either saline placebo; influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004(H5N1) vaccine alone at 45, 30, or 15 microg per dose; vaccine at 15 or 7.5 microg per dose with MF59; or vaccine at 30, 15, or 7.5 microg per dose with aluminum hydroxide. Subjects were followed up for safety and blood samples were obtained to determine antibody responses. RESULTS: The vaccine formulations were well tolerated but local adverse effects were common; the incidence of these effects increased in a dose-dependent manner and was increased by the addition of adjuvants. The addition of MF59 increased the antibody response, whereas the addition of aluminum hydroxide did not. The highest antibody responses were seen in the group that received 15 microg of vaccine per dose with MF59, in which 63% of subjects achieved the predetermined endpoint (hemagglutination-inhibition titer > or =40) 28 days after the second dose, compared with 29% in the group that received the highest dose (45 microg per dose) of vaccine alone. CONCLUSIONS: A 2-dose regimen of subvirion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine was well tolerated. The antibody responses to 15 microg of A/H5 vaccine with MF59 were higher than the responses to 45 microg of vaccine alone.
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