Immunogenicity and safety of varying dosages of a fifth-wave influenza A/H7N9 inactivated vaccine given with and without AS03 adjuvant in healthy adults
12/2023
Journal Article
Authors:
Jackson, L.A.;
Stapleton, J.T.;
Walter, E.B.;
Chen, W.H.;
Rouphael, N.G.;
Anderson, E.J.;
Neuzil, K.M.;
Winokur, P.L.;
Smith, M.J.;
Schmader, K.E.;
Swamy, G.K.;
Thompson, A.B.;
Mulligan, M.J.;
Rostad, C.A.;
Cross, K.;
Tsong, R.;
Wegel, A.;
Roberts, P.C.
Secondary:
Vaccine
Volume:
42
Pagination:
295-309
Issue:
2
Journal:
Vaccine
PMID:
38105137
URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38105137
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.001
Keywords:
Adult
Humans
Middle Aged
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Antibodies, Viral
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
*Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype
*Influenza Vaccines
*Influenza, Human
Squalene
Vaccines, Inactivated
Adjuvants
Avian influenza virus
Vaccine
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Human infections with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus were first reported in China in 2013 and continued to occur in annual waves. In the 2016/2017 fifth wave, Yangtze River Delta (YRD) lineage viruses, which differed antigenically from those of earlier waves, predominated. METHODS: In this phase 2 double-blinded trial we randomized 720 adults >/= 19 years of age to receive two injections of a YRD lineage inactivated A/Hong Kong/125/2017 fifth-wave H7N9 vaccine, given 21 days apart, at doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 microg of hemagglutinin (HA) with AS03A adjuvant and at doses of 15 and 45 microg of HA without adjuvant. RESULTS: Two doses of adjuvanted vaccine were required to induce HA inhibition (HI) antibody titers >/= 40 in most participants. After two doses of the 15 microg H7N9 formulation, given with or without AS03 adjuvant, the proportion achieving a HI titer >/= 40 against the vaccine strain at 21 days after the second vaccination was 65 % (95 % CI, 57 %-73 %) and 0 % (95 % CI, 0 %-4%), respectively. Among those who received two doses of the 15 microg adjuvanted formulation the proportion with HI titer >/= 40 at 21 days after the second vaccination was 76 % (95 % CI, 66 %-84 %) in those 19-64 years of age and 49 % (95 % CI, 37 %-62 %) in those >/= 65 years of age. Responses to the adjuvanted vaccine formulations did not vary by HA content. Antibody responses declined over time and responses against drifted H7N9 strains were diminished. Overall, the vaccines were well tolerated but, as expected, adjuvanted vaccines were associated with more frequent solicited systemic and local adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: AS03 adjuvant improved the immune responses to an inactivated fifth-wave H7N9 influenza vaccine, particularly in younger adults, but invoked lower responses to drifted H7N9 strains. These findings may inform future influenza pandemic preparedness strategies.
