Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.
2013 Jan
Journal Article
Authors:
Fleischer, D.M.;
Burks, W.;
Vickery, B.P.;
Scurlock, A.M.;
Wood, R.A.;
Jones, S.M.;
Sicherer, S.H.;
Liu, A.H.;
Stablein, D.;
Henning, A.K.;
Mayer, L.;
Lindblad, R.;
Plaut, M.;
Sampson, H.A.
Secondary:
J Allergy Clin Immunol
Volume:
131
Pagination:
119-27.e1-7
Issue:
1
PMID:
23265698
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.011
Keywords:
Administration, Sublingual; Adolescent; Adult; allergens; Arachis; Basophils; Child; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Peanut Hypersensitivity; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: There are presently no available therapeutic options for patients with peanut allergy.OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the safety, efficacy, and immunologic effects of peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).METHODS: After a baseline oral food challenge (OFC) of up to 2 g of peanut powder (approximately 50% protein; median successfully consumed dose [SCD], 46 mg), 40 subjects, aged 12 to 37 years (median, 15 years), were randomized 1:1 across 5 sites to daily peanut or placebo SLIT. A 5-g OFC was performed after 44 weeks, followed by unblinding; placebo-treated subjects then crossed over to higher dose peanut SLIT, followed by a subsequent crossover Week 44 5-g OFC. Week 44 OFCs from both groups were compared with baseline OFCs; subjects successfully consuming 5 g or at least 10-fold more peanut powder than the baseline OFC threshold were considered responders.RESULTS: After 44 weeks of SLIT, 14 (70%) of 20 subjects receiving peanut SLIT were responders compared with 3 (15%) of 20 subjects receiving placebo (P < .001). In peanut SLIT responders, median SCD increased from 3.5 to 496 mg. After 68 weeks of SLIT, median SCD significantly increased to 996 mg (compared with Week 44, P = .05). The median SCD at the Week 44 Crossover OFC was significantly higher than baseline (603 vs 71 mg, P = .02). Seven (44%) of 16 crossover subjects were responders; median SCD increased from 21 to 496 mg among responders. Of 10,855 peanut doses through the Week 44 OFCs, 63.1% were symptom free; excluding oral-pharyngeal symptoms, 95.2% were symptom free.CONCLUSIONS: Peanut SLIT safely induced a modest level of desensitization in a majority of subjects compared with placebo. Longer duration of therapy showed statistically significant increases in the SCD.
